Uma usanda kuhlolwa igazi ku-NHS, ungase ubheke uhlu lwezifinyezo nezinombolo ezingenangqondo kangako kuwe. Lesi sihloko sizokusiza uqonde eminye yemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi evame kakhulu ongase uyibone. Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lokhu umhlahlandlela oyisisekelo.

Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwesibindi (LFTs)

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi kuyiqembu lokuhlola elisiza ukuhlola ukuthi isibindi sakho sisebenza kahle kangakanani. Nazi ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

I-ALT (i-Alanine Aminotransferase) futhi I-AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase): Lawa ma-enzyme atholakala ngaphakathi kwamaseli esibindi. Lapho isibindi silimele, la ma-enzyme akhishelwa egazini. Amazinga aphezulu kunokuvamile angabonisa isifo sesibindi noma ukulimala.

I-ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase): Le enzyme itholakala esibindini nasemathanjeni. Amazinga aphezulu angabonisa isifo sesibindi noma ukuphazamiseka kwamathambo.

I-Bilirubin: Lona udoti ocutshungulwa yisibindi. Amazinga aphezulu angabonisa inkinga ngesibindi noma i-bile ducts.

I-Gamma GT (Gamma Glutamyl Transferase): Le enzyme ivame ukuphakama ezimeni ezibangela ukulimala kwesibindi noma i-bile ducts.

I-Albumin: Lena iphrotheni eyenziwe isibindi, futhi iyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe ukukhula nokulungisa izicubu. Amazinga aphansi angaphakamisa inkinga ngesibindi noma izinso.

Isibalo Segazi Eligcwele (FBC)

Isibalo segazi esigcwele sikala izingxenye ezahlukene zegazi lakho.

I-Hemoglobin (Hb): Lena into esemangqamuzaneni abomvu egazi ethwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke. Amazinga aphansi angaphakamisa i-anemia.

Amaseli Egazi Amhlophe (WBC): Lezi ziyingxenye yamasosha akho omzimba futhi zisiza ukulwa nezifo. Amazinga aphezulu angabonisa ukutheleleka, ukuvuvukala noma ukuphazamiseka komzimba. Amazinga aphansi angaphakamisa amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.

Amaseli amhlophe egazi aphinde ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezahlukene, ngalinye linendima ehlukile:

• Neutrophils: Lawa mangqamuzana awuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi futhi angawokuqala asabela ezifweni.
• Ama-Lymphocyte: Lawa maseli abalulekile emasosheni akho omzimba futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ekusabeleni komzimba wakho kumagciwane.
• I-Monocytes: Lawa maseli asiza ekulweni namagciwane.
• I-Eosinophils: Lamangqamuzana asiza ekulweni nezimuncagazi futhi aphinde abambe iqhaza ekwaleni izinto ezithile.
• Ama-Basophils: Lawa maseli ahileleke ekuphenduleni ukuvuvukala kanye nokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile.

Ama-Platelets (Plt): Lawa amangqamuzana amancane asiza igazi lakho ukuthi lihlule. Amazinga aphezulu noma aphansi angabonisa ububanzi bezimo futhi angathinta ikhono legazi lakho lokujiyisa.

I-Urea nama-Electrolytes (U&Es)

Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso ngokulinganisa amazinga ezinto ezifana nesodium, i-potassium, ne-urea egazini lakho. Amazinga angavamile angabonisa inkinga ngezinso zakho noma ngoketshezi lomzimba wakho kanye nebhalansi ye-electrolyte.

I-Sodium (Na+): I-sodium iyi-electrolyte esiza ukugcina uketshezi emzimbeni wakho. Amazinga angavamile angabonisa ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, izinkinga zezinso, noma ukuphazamiseka okuthile kwamahomoni.

I-Potassium (K+): I-Potassium ingenye i-electrolyte ebalulekile edlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni inhliziyo nokusebenza kahle kwemisipha. Amazinga e-potassium aphezulu noma aphansi angaba nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene futhi angadinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

I-Chloride (Cl-): I-Chloride i-electrolyte esebenza eduze ne-sodium ukuze ulondoloze ibhalansi yoketshezi emzimbeni wakho. Amazinga e-chloride angavamile angase abonise izinkinga zezinso noma izimo ezithile ze-metabolic.

I-Bicarbonate (HCO3-): I-Bicarbonate ikhemikhali ebandakanyekayo ekulawuleni ibhalansi ye-acid-base emzimbeni wakho. Amazinga angavamile angabonakala ezimeni ezifana nesifo sezinso noma ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumula.

urea: I-Urea iwudoti owakhiwe esibindini ngenxa yokuwohloka kwamaprotheni. Izinga layo egazini lingabonisa ukusebenza kwezinso, futhi amazinga aphakeme angase abonise ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso noma ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.

I-Creatinine: I-Creatinine iwudoti okhiqizwa imisipha futhi ukhishwe yizinso. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso. Amazinga aphezulu e-creatinine angase abonise ukuncipha kokusebenza kwezinso.

Isilinganiso Sokuhlunga Kwe-Glomerular (eGFR): Leli inani elibaliwe elisekelwe emazingeni e-creatinine elilinganisela ukuthi izinso zakho zihlunga kahle kangakanani imfucuza egazini lakho. I-eGFR ephansi ingase ibonise ukwehla kokusebenza kwezinso.

Cholesterol

Lokhu kuhlola kukala amazinga ezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-cholesterol ne-triglycerides egazini lakho, okungasiza ekuhloleni ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.

I-Cholesterol Ephelele: Lokhu kulinganisa inani eliphelele le-cholesterol egazini lakho, okuhlanganisa kokubili i-cholesterol ephezulu-density lipoprotein (HDL) kanye ne-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Kuyinkomba ephelele yamazinga akho e-cholesterol.

I-HDL Cholesterol: I-High-density lipoprotein cholesterol ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-cholesterol "enhle". Kuyasiza ukususa i-cholesterol eyeqile egazini lakho futhi iyise esibindi ukuze icutshungulwe. Amazinga aphezulu e-HDL cholesterol ngokuvamile abhekwa njengenzuzo empilweni yenhliziyo.

I-cholesterol ye-LDL: I-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-cholesterol "embi". Kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwe-plaque emithanjeni, okwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi. Amazinga aphansi we-cholesterol ye-LDL ngokuvamile ayafiseleka.

Ama-Triglycerides: Ama-Triglycerides awuhlobo lwamafutha azungeza egazini lakho. Ziwumthombo wamandla emzimbeni wakho. Amazinga aphezulu e-triglycerides angahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yesifo senhliziyo, ikakhulukazi uma ehlangene nezinye izici eziyingozi.

Izilinganiso ze-Cholesterol: Izilinganiso ze-cholesterol zinikeza imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nempilo yakho yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Izilinganiso ezivame ukubalwa zihlanganisa:

• Ingqikithi Yesilinganiso Se-Cholesterol/HDL: Lesi silinganiso siqhathanisa izinga le-cholesterol ephelele nezinga le-cholesterol ye-HDL. Izilinganiso eziphansi ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengezingcono, njengoba kubonisa ingxenye ephezulu ye-cholesterol "enhle" ku-cholesterol ephelele.
• Isilinganiso se-LDL/HDL: Lesi silinganiso siqhathanisa izinga le-cholesterol ye-LDL nezinga le-cholesterol ye-HDL. Futhi, isilinganiso esiphansi ngokuvamile siyathandeka, njengoba kuphakamisa ingozi ephansi yesifo senhliziyo.

Izivivinyo zokuvala amahlule

Isikhathi se-Prothrombin (PT) futhi I-International Normalized Ratio (INR): Lezi zivivinyo zikala ukuthi igazi lakho libopha ngokushesha kangakanani. Avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukwelashwa ngama-anticoagulants (imithi enciphisa igazi) njenge-warfarin. I-INR noma i-PT ephezulu isho ukuthi igazi lakho lijiyisa kancane kunokujwayelekile, okungase kwenyuse ingozi yokopha.

Okunye Ukuhlola

I-C-Reactive Protein (CRP): Lena iphrotheni ekhuphukayo ukuphendula ukuvuvukala emzimbeni. Amazinga aphezulu angabonisa ukutheleleka noma isifo sesikhathi eside njenge-rheumatoid arthritis noma i-lupus.

Amylase: Lena i-enzyme esiza umzimba wakho ukugaya ukudla. Amazinga aphezulu angakhombisa inkinga ngamanyikwe akho, okuhlanganisa nezimo ezifana ne-pancreatitis.

I-D-Dimer: Lesi isiqeshana seprotheni esikhiqizwa lapho ihlule legazi lincibilika emzimbeni wakho. Amazinga aphezulu angasikisela ukuthi kungase kube khona ukujiya okuphawulekayo okwenzeka emzimbeni wakho.

Igazi leglucose: Lokhu kuhlola kukala inani le-glucose (ushukela) egazini lakho. Amazinga aphezulu angakhombisa isifo sikashukela, kanti amazinga aphansi angaholela ku-hypoglycemia (ushukela ophansi wegazi).

Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwe-thyroid (TFTs): Lezi zivivinyo zikala ukuthi i-thyroid yakho isebenza kahle kangakanani ngokubheka amazinga e-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ne-thyroxine (T4). Amazinga angavamile angabonisa izimo ezifana ne-hypothyroidism noma i-hyperthyroidism.

Isiphetho

Nakuba lo mhlahlandlela kufanele ukunikeze ukuqonda okungcono kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zivivinyo ziyingxenye eyodwa yesithombe. Udokotela wakho noma Uchwepheshe uzohumusha le miphumela kumongo wezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, nolunye uphenyo. Ngakho-ke uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nemiphumela yakho, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela noma unesi wakho ukuze akucacisele. Bakhona ukuze bakusize.