Ingabe umswakama awulungile kithi?
Manje seyamukelwa kabanzi (Iziqondiso ze-WHO (2009) nokunye isibuyekezo sakamuva sikaMark Mendell (2011)) ukuthi amakhaya anomswakama ayingozi empilweni yabantu abaningi, okuhlanganisa ne-asthmatics (ikakhulukazi i-asthmatics enzima) kanye nalabo abanezinye izifo zokuphefumula. Ngaphandle kwengozi ye I-Aspergillus ukuchayeka (okuyinkinga ethile kubantu abanezimo ezifana COPD, I-ABPA futhi CPA) kunezinye izingozi eziningi empilweni ekhaya elimanzi (isibonelo, ezinye isikhunta, iphunga, uthuli, izinambuzane nokunye). Izingane kanye nabantu abadala basengozini ikakhulukazi.
Kunobufakazi obuhle bokuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali ekwenzeni amakhaya angabi nomoya wokungenisa izihambi nokukhula kwesikhunta kunomphumela onenzuzo oqondile empilweni yomuntu. Lesi akusesona isihloko okuphikiswana ngaso kakhulu - umswakama awuyingozi empilweni. Ukuthi kuyini ngempela ukuswakama okubi empilweni yethu kusaphikiswana kakhulu, kodwa ubukhona bokuswakama abukho.
Umswakama uvelaphi?
Imizi eminingi ihlushwa umswakama ngesinye isikhathi. Kwamanye amazwe izindlu ezifika ku-50% zihlukaniswa njengezinomswakama, kodwa emazweni acebile imvamisa yezindlu ezinomswakama isethwe cishe ku-10 - 20%. Ezinye izimbangela zisobala, njengezikhukhula (ukuvame kakhulu kwezinye izindawo ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke) noma ukuqhuma kwamapayipi amakhulu angaphakathi, kodwa eminye imithombo yokuswakama ingabalula ukuyibona. Lokhu kubandakanya:
- Ukuvuza kwamanzi emvula ngodonga lwangaphandle (i-guttering ephukile)
- Amapayipi avuzayo (amapayipi afihliwe)
- Uphahla oluvuzayo
- Ukungena kwemvula ngezindonga
- Umswakama okhuphukayo
Kodwa-ke kunemithombo eminingi eyengeziwe ngaphakathi kwendlu ehlala abantu ongase ungaboni ukuthi iyimbangela enkulu yokuswakama:
- Thina (kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo) siphefumula futhi sijuluke umswakama
- Ukupheka
- Ukugeza nokugeza
- Ukomisa ilondolo kuma-radiator
- Ukugcina izinhlanzi ezifuywayo
- Izomisa ezomisiwe ezingavuleki
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi le mithombo yamanzi ingafaka 18 amalitha amanzi (njengomhwamuko) emoyeni wekhaya elivamile ngosuku!
Ushonaphi wonke lomhwamuko wamanzi? Emizini eminingi esikhathini esidlule bekunemizila eyanele yokuthi umoya omanzi uphume esakhiweni ngaphandle kosizo olwengeziwe. Ngawo-1970 izinga lokushisa elivamile ekhaya e-UK kuthiwa lalingu-12oC, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi kwakunokushisa okuncane okuphakathi nendawo futhi ngenxa yokuthi lokho ukushisa okwakukhona kwakuzoqedwa ngokushesha ngenxa yokuqhekeka nezikhala esakhiweni sesakhiwo kanye nokufufusa komoya oshisayo owawugeleza ukhuphuke kushimula womlilo wamalahle ovamile! Khumbula ukuthi kufanele sihlale sonke ekamelweni elilodwa eduze nomlilo ukuze uzame ukugcina ukushisa?
Namuhla silindele amazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu ekamelo futhi ngenxa yokushisisa okuphakathi, amafasitela acwebezeliswe kabili, iminyango elingana kahle kanye nephansi elivalekile (ingasaphathwa eyokushoda kwegridi yokukhipha umoya ezindlini zesimanje), sivame ukufinyelela izinga lokushisa lika-18 - 20.oC ezindlini zethu eziningi futhi emagunjini angaphezu kwelilodwa endlini ngayinye. Ukuntuleka kokungena komoya kugcina umswakama ezindlini zethu, amazinga okushisa aphezulu asho ukuthi umoya ungabamba umswakama owengeziwe.
Zonke lezi zici zifaka amanzi emoyeni wezindlu zethu ezingahlala futhi zenze ukujiya kunoma yikuphi ukubanda okungaphezulu. Lezi zindawo zingabandakanya izindonga zangaphandle ezibandayo (kanye nezindonga emakamelweni angashisi), amapayipi amanzi abandayo, amakhoyili okupholisa umoya, amafasitela nokunye okuningi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lokhu kungabangela umswakama owanele ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwesikhunta - okunye kwakho ngqo ezindongeni ezibandayo kanti okunye okubangelwa ukufingqa okuconsela ezindongeni njll.
Izindonga ezimbozwe ngephepha noma okunamathiselwe ngephepha lodonga zenza ama-substrates afanele ukukhula kwesikhunta uma sekunomswakama owanele. Ezinye izindonga (isb. izindonga eziqinile ezinogqinsi olulodwa ezibheke emoyeni ongaphandle, izindonga ezingenawo umswakamo) ngokusobala zazakhiwe kucatshangwa ukuthi amanzi azovunyelwa ukuba abhodloze kuzo futhi zisebenza kahle futhi zihlale zomile. Kodwa-ke, uma othile ewamboza ngendwangu engangeni manzi njengopende ongenazimbotshana noma iphepha lodonga elingamanzi, umswakama unganqwabelana odongeni futhi ubangele izinkinga.
Kunezibonelo eziningi ezengeziwe zezimbangela zokuswakama futhi kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuxilonga ngendlela efanele. Abanikazi bezindlu bayelulekwa ukuthi baqashe abaxhumanisi abamanzi ngokucophelela, njengoba kunezinkinga ngezindinganiso zomsebenzi kule mboni e-UK. Isihloko socwaningo esibhalwe nguWkuphi! umagazini wabathengi ngoDisemba 2011 wembula amaphutha okwahlulela asabalele engxenyeni yezinkampani ezinkulu zokuqinisekisa umswakama. Eziningi (ezingu-5 kwezingu-11 ezihloliwe) zanikeza izeluleko ezingezinhle ngomsebenzi obizayo nongadingekile onconywayo
Singaphakamisa ukuthintana nomhloli oqeqeshwe ngokugcwele kodwa lokhu kungaba nzima. Kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile ukuthi abasebenzi bezinkampani eziqinisekisa umswakama zibize 'ama-survey' anezinhlamvu eziqanjwe ngamagama abo; okubi kakhulu lokhu kungasho ukuthi bamane baphase isifundo esifushane (isifundo sezinsuku ezi-3) ekuxilongeni nasekulungiseni okumanzi. Abaningi bazoba nolwazi olwengeziwe futhi bazoba nekhono eliphakeme kepha kunenkomba eqinile evela kokuthi Yikuphi! ukuhlola konke akufani njengoba kufanele. Umhloli Wokwakha oqeqeshwe ngokufanelekile kufanele afunde iminyaka emithathu kuya ezingeni leziqu (empeleni afunde eminye iminyaka emibili ukuze athole ukwamukelwa eNyuvesi kwasekuqaleni) ukuze aqale ukufunda umsebenzi wakhe. Ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi 'Surveyor' kunezincazelo eziningi e-UK!
I-Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (uhlaka lwamazwe ngamazwe olugcina izindinganiso emhlabeni wonke) kanye I-Institute of Specialist Surveyors kanye Nonjiniyela (I-UK ethize) ingakweluleka ngokuthola umhloli ofanele izidingo zakho.