Chinyorwa chakarurama kubva munaNovember 2016 - mimwe mitemo ine chekuita nekushandisa mbanje inogona kunge yachinja kubva ipapo.

Marijuana ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo muUK nekuUnited States (kunyangwe zvave pamutemo mumatunhu akati wandei eUS) (1). Yakagadzirirwa kubva pamashizha, maruva, uye dzinde reCannabis chirimwa, inogona kuputa, kunyungudika, yakawedzerwa sechinhu chekudya kana kubikwa setii. Pamusoro pekushandiswa kwekunakidzwa, kushandiswa kwemishonga cannabis kwakawedzera mumakore gumi apfuura, nekuda kwemvumo yekushandiswa kwayo muHIV-1 nevarwere vekenza. Yakakurudzirwa kunyaradza kurwadziwa, uye kusvotwa uye kurutsa kune avo vari kurapwa chemotherapy (2).

Kubva kuma1970 kwave nenhamba diki asi yakakosha yenyaya mishumo inotsanangura kubatana pakati pekushandisa mbanje uye invasive aspergillosis. Izvi zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinokonzerwa nekufemerwa kwakananga kwefungal spores iripo pamusoro pechirimwa. Kupisa kwe cannabis buds kunogona kunge kusingakwane kusterilization uye saka vashandisi (kunyanya avo vane immune system isina simba) vanogona kuoneswa kuhupenyu hwehutachiona hwepulmonary. Mamiriro ezvinhu ekuchengetedza panguva yekutakura kana kuchembera maitiro anogonawo kubatsira mukuvapo kwe mold mumbanje (3).

Muchidzidzo cha1981, gumi nerimwe kubva pagumi nemaviri mbanje masampuli akaedzwa aive neaspergillus organisms uye akawana kuti spores yacho inogona kufemerwa zviri nyore kuburikidza nefodya yakasvibiswa (11). Mune imwe ongororo ichangoburwa, zvese mbanje nefodya zvakawanikwa zvakasvibiswa zvakanyanya nefungal spores (12).

Marijuana inhalation inogona kuunza Aspergillus masoja ekudzivirira chirwere muvanhu vane hutano. Muvanhu makumi maviri nemasere vanoputa mbanje, gumi nevatatu vaive nekuwedzera kuita kune Aspergillus antigens (zvichienzaniswa nevasiri-mbanje vanoputa), zvichiratidza kuratidzwa asi kwete chirwere.

Mhosva dze invasive aspergillosis kubva mbanje dzakadzidzwa mune anotevera immunocompromised mapoka:

• Varwere vegomarara pachemotherapy (6,7)
• Varwere veLeukemia (2,8,9)
• Murwere anoisirwa renal (10)
• Varwere veAIDS (11).

Marijuana yakave yakabatanidzwa mune akati wandei mamwe maitiro eiyo aspergillosis:

Mhosva yeallergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) mumurwere weasthma yakabatanidzwa nembanje yakasvibiswa nemhando dzakasiyana dzeaspergillus. Mharidzo yeatypical yeaspergillosis yakawanikwa mumurwere ane Chronic Granulomatous Disease (12), uye munguva pfupi yapfuura, zviitiko zviviri zvechisingaperi pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) zvakabatanidzwa nekushandiswa kwakawanda kwekurapa mbanje (13). Pakazere zvisinei, njodzi yekugadzira chero fomu yeaspergillosis inoratidzika kunge yakaderera, zvichipihwa huwandu hwevanoputa mbanje, pamwe nekusarudzika kweaspergillosis invasive mune avo vane immune immune system.

Chinyorwa chakanyorwa naHelen Le Sueur, National Aspergillosis Center, Mbudzi 2016

References

1. United Nations International Drug Control Programme., United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention., & Hofisi yeUnited Nations pamusoro pezvinodhaka uye mhosva. (1997). World drug report. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2. Ruchlemer, R., Amit-Kohn, M., Raveh, D., & Hanuš, L. (2015). Inhaled yemishonga cannabis uye immunocompromised murwere. Kutsigira Kuchengetedza muCancer, 23 (3), 819-822.
3. Llamas, R., Hart, DR, & Schneider, NS (1978). Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis yakabatana nekuputa moldy marihuana. Chest, 73(6), 871-872.
4. Kagen, SL, Kurup, VP, Sohnle, PG, & Fink, JN (1983). Kusvuta mbanje uye fungal sensitization. Journal ye allergy uye kliniki immunology,71(4), 389-393.
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8. Hamadeh, R., Ardehali, A., Locksley, RM, & York, MK (1988). Inofatal aspergillosis yakabatana nekuputa mbanje yakasvibiswa, mune anogashira mwongo anogashira. CHEST Journal, 94(2), 432-433.
9. Szyper-Kravitz M, Lang R, Manor Y, Lahav M. Early Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis muLeukemia Murwere Akabatana neAspergillus Yakasvibiswa Marijuana Kusvuta. Leuk Lymphoma 2001; 42:1433-7.
10. Marks, WH, Florence, L., Lieberman, J., Chapman, P., Howard, D., Roberts, P., & Perkinson, D. (1996). Yakabudirira kurapwa invasive pulmonary aspergillosis yakabatana nekuputa mbanje mune renal transplant anogamuchira. Transplantation, 61(12), 1771-1774.
11. Denning DW, Follansbee SE, Scolaro M, Norris S, Edelstein H, Stevens DA. Pulmonary aspergillosis mune yakawanikwa immunodeficiency syndrome. NEJM 1991; 324: 654-62.
12. Chusid, MJ, Gelfand, JA, Nutter, C. & Fauci, AS, 1975. Pulmonary aspergillosis, inhalation yeutsi hwembanje yakasvibiswa, chirwere chisingaperi chegranulomatous. Ann. Intern. Med. 82:682 683.
13. Gargani, Y., Bishop, P., & Denning, D. (2011). Majoini akawanda ane chakuvhe-mbanje uye chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Magazini yeMediterranean yehematology uye zvirwere zvinotapukira, 3 (1), 2011005.