Ukuba usanda kuvavanya igazi kwi-NHS, usenokuba ujonge uluhlu lwezishunqulelo kunye namanani angenzi ngqiqo kuwe. Eli nqaku liza kukunceda uqonde ezinye zezona ziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi onokuthi uzibone. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba esi sisikhokelo esisisiseko.

Iimvavanyo zokuSebenza kwesibindi (LFTs)

Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwesibindi liqela lovavanyo olunceda ukujonga ukuba isibindi sakho sisebenza kakuhle kangakanani. Nazi ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo:

I-ALT (iAlanine Aminotransferase) kwaye I-AST (iAspartate Aminotransferase): Ezi enzymes zifumaneka ngaphakathi kweeseli zesibindi. Xa isibindi sonakele, ezi enzymes zikhutshelwa egazini. Amanqanaba aphezulu kunesiqhelo angabonisa isifo sesibindi okanye umonakalo.

I-ALP (iAlkaline Phosphatase): Le enzyme ifumaneka esibindini nasemathanjeni. Amanqanaba aphezulu angabonisa isifo sesibindi okanye ukuphazamiseka kwamathambo.

Bilirubin: Le yinkunkuma eyenziwa sisibindi. Amanqanaba aphezulu angabonisa ingxaki ngesibindi okanye i-bile ducts.

I-Gamma GT (Gamma Glutamyl Transferase): Le enzyme idla ngokuphakanyiswa kwiimeko ezenza umonakalo kwisibindi okanye i-bile ducts.

IAlbumin: Le yiprotheyini eyenziwe sisibindi, kwaye iyafuneka ukugcina ukukhula kunye nokulungisa izihlunu. Amanqanaba aphantsi angacebisa ingxaki ngesibindi okanye izintso.

Ubalo lwegazi elipheleleyo (FBC)

Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo lulinganisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zegazi lakho.

IHemoglobin (Hb): Le yinto ekwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ethwala ioksijini ijikeleze umzimba wonke. Amanqanaba aphantsi angabonisa i-anemia.

Iiseli zeGazi eziMhlophe (WBC): Ezi yinxalenye yamajoni akho omzimba kwaye zinceda ekulweni usulelo. Amanqanaba aphezulu angabonisa ukusuleleka, ukuvuvukala okanye ukuphazamiseka komzimba. Amanqanaba aphantsi angacebisa amajoni omzimba abuthathaka.

Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe zohlulwe kwakhona zibe ziindidi ezahlukeneyo, nganye inendima eyahlukileyo:

• Neutrophils: Ezi seli lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lweseli emhlophe yegazi kwaye zezokuqala ukusabela kwizifo.
• I-Lymphocyte: Ezi seli zibalulekile kumajoni akho omzimba kwaye zidlala indima ephambili kwindlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kwiintsholongwane.
• Iimonocytes: Ezi seli zinceda ekulweni iintsholongwane.
• I-Eosinophils: Ezi seli zinceda ekulweni izifunxi-gazi kwaye zikwadlala indima ekwandeni.
• I-Basophils: Ezi seli zibandakanyeka kwizenzo ezivuthayo kunye ne-allergies.

IiPlatelets (Plt): Ezi ziiseli ezincinci ezinceda igazi lakho ukuba lijije. Amanqanaba aphezulu okanye aphantsi angabonisa uluhlu lweemeko kwaye unokuchaphazela amandla egazi lakho lokujika.

Urea & Electrolytes (U&Es)

Olu vavanyo lujonga ukusebenza kwezintso ngokulinganisa amanqanaba ezinto ezinjengesodium, potassium, kunye ne-urea egazini lakho. Amanqanaba angaqhelekanga angabonisa ingxaki kwizintso zakho okanye ngolwelo lomzimba wakho kunye nebhalansi ye-electrolyte.

Isodium (Na+): I-Sodium yi-electrolyte enceda ukugcina ukulinganisela kwamanzi emzimbeni wakho. Amanqanaba angaqhelekanga angabonakalisa ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, iingxaki zezintso, okanye iingxaki ezithile zehomoni.

Potassium (K+)I-Potassium yenye i-electrolyte ebalulekileyo edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni intliziyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemisipha. Amanqanaba aphezulu okanye aphantsi e-potassium anokuba nezizathu ezahlukeneyo kwaye anokufuna unyango.

I-Chloride (Cl-): I-Chloride yi-electrolyte esebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye nesodium ukugcina ibhalansi yolwelo emzimbeni wakho. Amanqanaba ekloride angaqhelekanga angabonisa imiba yezintso okanye iimeko ezithile zemetabolism.

Ibhicarbonate (HCO3-)I-Bicarbonate yikhemikhali ebandakanyekayo ekulawuleni ibhalansi ye-acid-base emzimbeni wakho. Amanqanaba angaqhelekanga angabonwa kwiimeko ezifana nesifo sezintso okanye ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumla.

urea: Urea yinkunkuma eyenziwe esibindini ngenxa yokuqhekeka kweeprotheni. Izinga layo egazini lingabonakalisa ukusebenza kwezintso, kwaye amanqanaba aphakamileyo angabonisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso okanye ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.

Uyilo: I-Creatinine yinkunkuma eveliswa yimisipha kwaye ikhutshwe yizintso. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwezintso. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-creatinine angabonisa ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwezintso.

Uqikelelo loHlelo lweGlomerular (eGFR): Eli lixabiso elibaliweyo ngokusekelwe kumanqanaba e-creatinine aqikelela ukuba izintso zakho ziyihluza kangakanani inkunkuma egazini lakho. I-eGFR ephantsi ingabonisa ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwezintso.

Cholesterol

Olu vavanyo lulinganisa amanqanaba eentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-cholesterol kunye ne-triglycerides egazini lakho, ezinokukunceda ukuvavanya umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo.

ICholesterol iyonke: Oku kulinganisa umlinganiselo opheleleyo we<em>cholesterol esegazini lakho, kuquka zombini i<em>high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ne<em>low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Luphawu olupheleleyo lwamanqanaba akho e-cholesterol.

ICholesterol yeHDL: I-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-cholesterol "elungileyo". Inceda ukususa i-cholesterol engaphezulu kwigazi lakho kwaye iyise esibindini ukuze iqhutywe. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-HDL cholesterol abonwa njengenzuzo kwimpilo yentliziyo.

ICholesterol yeLDL: I-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-cholesterol "embi". Ifaka isandla ekwakhekeni kwe-plaque kwimithambo yegazi, kwandisa umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo kunye nesifo sohlangothi. Amanqanaba asezantsi e-LDL cholesterol anqweneleka.

Triglycerides: I-Triglycerides luhlobo lwamafutha ajikeleza egazini lakho. Zingumthombo wamandla kumzimba wakho. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-triglycerides angadibaniswa nomngcipheko okhulayo wesifo senhliziyo, ngakumbi xa kudibaniswa nezinye izinto ezinobungozi.

Umlinganiselo weCholesterol: Umlinganiselo weCholesterol unika ulwazi olongezelelweyo kwimpilo yakho yentliziyo. Eyona milinganiselo iqhele ukubalwa iquka:

• Umlinganiselo weCholesterol/HDL: Lo mlinganiselo uthelekisa inqanaba le-cholesterol epheleleyo kunye nenqanaba le-cholesterol ye-HDL. Umlinganiselo ophantsi uthathwa ngokuba ngcono, njengoko ubonisa umlinganiselo ophezulu we-cholesterol "elungileyo" kwi-cholesterol epheleleyo.
• LDL/HDL Umlinganiselo: Lo mlinganiselo uthelekisa izinga le-cholesterol ye-LDL kunye nenqanaba le-cholesterol ye-HDL. Kwakhona, umlinganiselo ophantsi ukhethwa ngokuqhelekileyo, njengoko ubonisa umngcipheko ophantsi wesifo senhliziyo.

Iimvavanyo zokuvala

Ixesha leProthrombin (PT) kwaye Umlinganiselo oQhelekileyo wamazwe ngamazwe (INR): Ezi mvavanyo zilinganisa ukuba igazi lakho likhawuleza kangakanani na. Ahlala esetyenziselwa ukujonga unyango ngee-anticoagulants (amayeza okunciphisa igazi) njenge-warfarin. I-INR ephezulu okanye i-PT ithetha ukuba igazi lakho lijika ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo, elinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphuma kwegazi.

Olunye uvavanyo

I-C-Reactive Protein (CRP): Le yiprotheyini ephakamayo ekuphenduleni ukudumba emzimbeni. Amanqanaba aphezulu angabonisa ukusuleleka okanye isifo sexesha elide njenge-rheumatoid arthritis okanye i-lupus.

Amylase: Le yi-enzyme enceda umzimba wakho ukuba wetyise ukutya. Amanqanaba aphezulu angabonisa ingxaki kwi-pancreas yakho, kuquka iimeko ezifana ne-pancreatitis.

D-Dimer: Eli liqhekeza leprotini eliveliswa xa ihlwili legazi linyibilika emzimbeni wakho. Amanqanaba aphezulu angabonisa ukuba kunokubakho i-clotting ebalulekileyo eyenzekayo emzimbeni wakho.

Iswekile yegazi: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa isixa seglucose (iswekile) egazini lakho. Amanqanaba aphezulu angabonakalisa isifo seswekile, ngelixa amanqanaba aphantsi angakhokelela kwi-hypoglycaemia (ishukela eliphantsi legazi).

Iimvavanyo ze-Thyroid Function (TFTs): Ezi mvavanyo zilinganisa ukuba i-thyroid yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani ngokujonga amanqanaba e-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) kunye ne-thyroxine (T4). Amanqanaba angaqhelekanga angabonisa iimeko ezifana ne-hypothyroidism okanye i-hyperthyroidism.

isiphelo

Nangona esi sikhokelo kufuneka sikunike ukuqonda ngcono iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwegazi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ezi mvavanyo yinxalenye nje enye yomfanekiso. Ugqirha wakho okanye iNgcali iya kukutolika ezi ziphumo ngokwemeko yeempawu zakho, imbali yonyango lwakho, kunye nolunye uphando. Ke ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga neziphumo zakho, ungalibazisi ukubuza ugqirha wakho okanye unesi wakho ukuba akucacisele. Bakho ukuze bakuncede.