Ngaba ukufuma akulunganga kuthi?
Ngoku yamkelwe ngokubanzi (Izikhokelo ze-WHO (2009) kunye nokunye uphononongo lwakutsha nje nguMark Mendell (2011)) ukuba amakhaya afumileyo ayingozi kwimpilo yabantu abaninzi, kubandakanya i-asthmatics (ingakumbi i-asthmatics enzima) kunye nezo zinezinye izifo zokuphefumla. Ngaphandle komngcipheko we I-Aspergillus utyhileko (okuyingxaki ethile kubantu abaneemeko ezinje COPD, ABPA kwaye CPA) kukho ezinye iingozi ezininzi kwimpilo kwikhaya elifumileyo (umzekelo, ezinye iifungi, ivumba, uthuli, izinambuzane nokunye). Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala ngabona basemngciphekweni.
Kukho ubungqina obulungileyo bokuba utyalo-mali ekwenzeni amakhaya angabinabubele kangako ekufumeni nasekukhuleni kokungunda kunempembelelo eluncedo ngokuthe ngqo kwimpilo yabantu. Lo ayisengombandela ekuxoxwa ngawo ngokunzulu – ukufuma akulunganga empilweni. Ngokuchanekileyo malunga nokufuma okungalunganga kwimpilo yethu kusaphikiswa kakhulu, kodwa ubukho bokufuma abukho.
Uvela phi ukufuma?
Amakhaya amaninzi athwaxwa kukufuma ngaxa lithile. Kwamanye amazwe ukuya kutsho kwi-50% yezindlu zihlelwa njengezifumileyo, kodwa kumazwe atyebileyo amaxesha amaninzi amakhaya afumileyo abekwe malunga ne-10 – 20%. Ezinye izizathu zicacile, ezifana nezikhukhula (ukuxhaphaka kwiindawo ezithile zehlabathi ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi) okanye ukugqabhuka kwemibhobho emikhulu yangaphakathi, kodwa eminye imithombo yokufuma inokuba lula ukuyibona. Ezi ziquka:
- Ukuvuza kwamanzi emvula ngodonga lwangaphandle (iguttering eyaphukileyo)
- Imibhobho evuzayo (imibhobho efihlakeleyo)
- Uphahla oluvuzayo
- Ukungena kwemvula ngeendonga
- Ukufuma okufumileyo
Nangona kunjalo kukho imithombo emininzi ngakumbi yemithombo ngaphakathi kwindlu ehlala abantu onokuthi ungaqondi ukuba ngoonobangela abaphambili bokufuma:
- Thina (kunye nezilwanyana zethu zasekhaya) siphefumlela ngaphandle kwaye sibile ukufuma
- ukupheka
- Ukuhlamba kunye nokuhlamba
- Ukomisa impahla kwiiradiyetha
- Ukugcina iintlanzi zasekhaya
- Izixhobo zokomisa amanzi ezingavezwanga
Kuqikelelwa ukuba le mithombo yamanzi inokubeka Iilitha ezili-18 zamanzi (njengomphunga wamanzi) emoyeni wekhaya eliqhelekileyo ngosuku!
Uya phi wonke lo mphunga wamanzi? Kumakhaya amaninzi ngaphambili kwakukho iindlela ezaneleyo zokuba umoya ofumileyo uphume kwisakhiwo ngaphandle koncedo olungakumbi. Ngeminyaka yee-1970 umlinganiselo wobushushu kwikhaya lase-UK wawuli-12oC, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba kwakungekho bushushu obuncinane obukhoyo, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba obo bushushu babukhoyo babuya kupheliswa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yeentanda nezikhala zesakhiwo kunye nokutyhutyha komoya oshushu owawunokuqukuqela unyuka ngetshimini yomlilo wamalahle oqhelekileyo! Khumbula ukuba kufuneka sihlale kwigumbi elinye ecaleni komlilo ukuzama ukugcina ubushushu ngaphakathi?
Kule mihla silindele ubushushu begumbi eliphezulu kakhulu kwaye ngenxa yokufudumeza okuphakathi, iifestile ezikhazimliswe kabini, iingcango eziluqilima kunye nomgangatho otywiniweyo (singasathethi ke ngokunqongophala kwegrayiti yokungena komoya kwizindlu zale mihla), sikholisa ukufikelela kubushushu obuyi-18 - 20.oC kuninzi lwezindlu zethu kwaye kwigumbi elingaphezulu kwelinye kwindlu nganye. Ukunqongophala kokungena komoya kugcina ukufuma kumakhaya ethu, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu athetha ukuba umoya unokubamba ukufuma okuninzi.
Zonke ezi zinto zibeka amanzi emoyeni wamakhaya ethu anokuthi azinze kwaye enze i-condensation kuwo nawuphi na umphezulu wokubanda ngokwaneleyo. Le miphezulu ingabandakanya iindonga ezibandayo zangaphandle (kunye neendonga kumagumbi angenabushushu), imibhobho yamanzi abandayo, iikhoyili zokupholisa umoya, iifestile kunye nezinye ezininzi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha oku kunokubangela ukufuma okwaneleyo ukukhuthaza ukukhula komngundo - enye yayo ngokuthe ngqo kwiindonga ezibandayo kwaye ezinye zibangelwa kukuthontsiza kwe-condensation kwiindonga njl.
Iindonga ezigqunywe ngephepha okanye incama yewallpaper zenza isubstrates ezifanelekileyo zokukhula komngundo xa kukho ukufuma okwaneleyo. Ezinye iindonga (umzekelo, iindonga eziqinileyo ezijongene nomoya ongaphandle, iindonga ezingenazo iindawo ezifumileyo) zazakhiwe kucingelwa ukuba amanzi anokuvunyelwa ukuba agqobhoze kuzo kwaye zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zihlale zomile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu uzigqume ngengubo yokungangeni manzi njengepeyinti engekho-porous okanye i-wallpaper engagxumekiyo, ukufuma kunokuqokelela eludongeni kwaye kubangele iingxaki.
Kukho imizekelo emininzi yezizathu zokufuma kwaye kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo. Abanini bezindlu bacetyiswa ukuba baqeshe abacebisi abamanzi ngononophelo, njengoko kukho iingxaki ngemigangatho yomsebenzi kweli shishini e-UK. Inqaku lophando elibhalwe nguyiphi! imagazini yabathengi ngoDisemba 2011 ityhilwe iimpazamo ezixhaphakileyo zokugweba kwicala lezinye iinkampani ezinkulu zokuqinisekisa ubumanzi. Uninzi (iinkampani ezi-5 kwezili-11 zivavanyiwe) zanika iingcebiso ezingezizo ngomsebenzi obiza imali eninzi nongeyomfuneko
Singacebisa ukuba uqhagamshelane nomhloli oqeqeshwe ngokupheleleyo kodwa oku kunokuba nzima. Yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba abasebenzi beenkampani eziqinisekisa ubungqina obumanzi bazibize ngokuba 'ngabavavanyi abamanzi' ngoonobumba emva kwamagama abo; Okona kubi kakhulu oku kunokuthetha ukuba baphumelele ikhosi emfutshane (isifundo seentsuku ezi-3) kuxilongo olumanzi kunye nokulungiswa. Abaninzi baya kuba namava ongezelelweyo kwaye baya kuba nobuchule obuphezulu kodwa kukho isalathisi esinamandla esivela kwiyiphi! ukuphonononga konke akukho njengoko kufanele ukuba. UMhloli weZakhiwo oqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo kufuneka afunde iminyaka emithathu ukuya kwinqanaba lesidanga (enyanisweni bafunda eminye iminyaka emibini ukuze bamkelwe eDyunivesithi kwasekuqaleni) ukuze aqalise ukufunda umsebenzi wakhe. Ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi 'umvavanyi' kuneentsingiselo ezininzi e-UK!
Iziko laseRoyal laBaphononongi abaChartered (iqumrhu lamazwe ngamazwe eliphakamisa imigangatho kwihlabathi jikelele) kunye Iziko leeNgcali zoVavanyo neeNjineli (I-UK ethile) inokucebisa ekufumaneni umhloli ofanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho.