Unugyada epithelial hawo-mareenka (AECs) waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah habka neefsashada ee bini'aadamka: Khadka ugu horreeya ee difaaca ka hortagga cudurada hawada sida Aspergillus fumigatus (Af), AECs waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan bilawga difaaca martida iyo xakamaynta jawaabaha difaaca waxayna muhiim u yihiin ilaalinta caafimaadka neef-mareenka iyo ka-hortagga caabuqyada u horseedi kara xaaladaha sida aspergillosis. Cilmi-baaris ay samaysay Jaamacadda Manchester Dr Margherita Bertuzzi iyo kooxdeeda waxay rabeen inay fahmaan sida AEC-yadu ula dagaallamaan Af iyo waxa u horseedaya nuglaanshaha difaacyadan, gaar ahaan shakhsiyaadka leh xaalado caafimaad oo hoose.
Shaqadii hore ee Dr Bertuzzi iyo kooxdeedu waxay muujiyeen in AECs ay wax ku ool u yihiin joojinta fungusku inuu keeno waxyeelo marka ay si fiican u shaqeynayaan. Si kastaba ha noqotee, dadka khatarta sare leh, sida kuwa nidaamka difaaca daciifka ah ama xaaladaha sambabada ee jira, haddii unugyadani aysan si sax ah u shaqeynin, fungusku wuxuu ka faa'iideysan karaa xaaladdan.
Cilmi-baadhistan cusub ee Dr Bertuzzi iyo kooxdeeda ayaa ujeedadeedu ahayd inay sahamiso sida AEC-yadu u joojiyaan fangaska dadka caafimaadka qaba iyo waxa ka khaldan dadka buka. Kooxdu waxay si dhow u eegtay isdhexgalka ka dhexeeya fungus iyo unugyada sambabada ee labadaba shakhsiyaadka caafimaadka qaba iyo kuwa qaba cudurrada qaarkood. Iyadoo la adeegsanayo habab cilmiyeed oo horumarsan, kooxdu waxay awood u yeelatay inay u fiirsato isdhexgalka unugyada sambabada iyo fungus heer aad u faahfaahsan.
Waxa Ay Heleen
Tijaabooyinku waxay muujiyeen in heerka koritaanka fangasku uu ahaa mid muhiim ah iyo karbohaydrayt dusha sare - mannose (sonkor) ayaa sidoo kale door ku lahaa habka.
Gaar ahaan, waxay ogaadeen in fangasku ay u badan tahay in ay qaadaan unugyada sambabada marka ay korayaan dhowr saacadood marka loo eego marka ay tahay uun kudka cusub. Xadhkaha fangaska ee bararsan ee la xidhay 3 iyo 6 saacadood ee biqilka ayaa 2-laab si ka diyaarsan gudaha u galay marka loo eego kuwa la xidhay 0 saacadood. Waxa kale oo ay caddeeyeen in molecule sonkor ah oo loo yaqaanno mannose oo ku yaal dusha fungusku uu door weyn ka ciyaaro hawshan.
Mannose waa nooc ka mid ah molecule sonkorta oo laga heli karo dusha unugyo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa cudurada sida Aspergillus fumigatus. Sonkortani waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa isdhexgalka ka dhexeeya fungus iyo unugyada martida loo yahay, gaar ahaan AEC-yada ku dahaaran sambabada. Jawaab-celinta difaaca caafimaadka qabta, mannose-ka dusha sare ee cudur-sideyaasha waxaa lagu aqoonsan karaa soo-dhoweeyayaasha mannose ee unugyada difaaca, taasoo kicinaysa jawaab-celin difaaceed taxane ah oo loogu talagalay in lagu baabi'iyo cudur-sidaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Aspergillus fumigatus ayaa u kobcay si ay uga faa'iideysato isdhexgalkan, taas oo u oggolaanaysa inay u hoggaansamaan oo ay u soo galaan unugyada sambabada si waxtar leh. Joogitaanka mannose ee dusha fungus-ka ayaa sahlaysa in ay ku xidhmaan lectins-ka mannose-binding (MBLs) (proteins ku xidha mannose) oogada unugyada sambabada. Isku-xidhkaani wuxuu kor u qaadi karaa dhex-gelinta fangaska ee unugyada sambabada, halkaas oo uu ku noolaan karo oo uu sababi karo caabuq.
Cilmi-baaristu waxay iftiimisay suurtogalnimada in la maareeyo isdhexgalkan si loola dagaallamo caabuqyada fangas. Marka lagu daro mannose ama mannose-ku-xidha lectins sida Concanavalin A, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay si weyn u yareeyn karaan awoodda fangaska si uu u galo unugyada sambabada. Hoos-u-dhacan waxaa lagu gaaray asal ahaan "ku tartamo" fungus-ka goobaha lagu xiro unugyada sambabada ama iyadoo si toos ah loo xannibay mannose fungal, taas oo ka hortagaysa isdhexgalka fududeynaya caabuqa fangas.
Maxay muhiim u tahay?
Fahamka isdhexgalkaan wuxuu ina siinayaa fikrado muhiim ah oo ku saabsan sida sambabkeenu nooga ilaaliyo caabuqa fangas-ka iyo waxa khaldan dadka u nugul caabuqyada noocaas ah. Aqoontaani waxay kaa caawin kartaa abuurista daweyn cusub oo ka dhan ah cudurada sida Aspergillus fumigatus.
Waxaad akhrin kartaa qoraalka oo dhan halkan.