Sheba haholoanyane ka li-microbiome leqepheng lena - https://aspergillosis.org/the-host-its-microbiome-and-their-aspergillosis/?highlight=microbiomes
Gut microbiome - bophelo bo botle ba kelello le sesole sa 'mele
Microbiome e ithutoang hantle ka ho fetesisa ke ea mala. Ka maleng ho na le li-trilione tse ka bang 100 (100 000 000 000 000!) libaktheria tsa mefuta e ka bang 1000 e fapaneng. Libaktheria tsena li ka buisana le boko ka ntho e bitsoang microbiota-gut-brain axis, e hlalosang tšebelisano ea litsela tse peli pakeng tsa boko le mala. Mala a khona ho romela melaetsa bokong ka mokhoa oa lik'hemik'hale (tse bitsoang li-neurotransmitters) tse tsamaeang le methapo le mali ho ea fihla bokong moo li nang le liphello tse sa tšoaneng. Li-neurotransmitters tsena li hlahisoa ke libaktheria tse phelang ka maleng.
Gut microbiome ke taolo ea khatello ea maikutlo le maemo a ho tšoenyeha 'me e na le tšusumetso e matla maikutlong le khatellong ea maikutlo. Sena se bonahetse ka lithuto tse 'maloa. Mohlala, liphuputso tsa litoeba li bonts'itse hore ba se nang gut microbiome (e bitsoang litoeba tse se nang likokoana-hloko) ba na le karabelo e matla ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang ha ba bapisoa le litoeba tse nang le gut microbiome.[1]. Hoa thahasellisa hore karabelo ena e phahameng e ile ea fokotsoa ka mor'a ho eketsoa ha baktheria ea mala a lulang teng e bitsoang Bifidobacteria. Mofuta ona, hammoho le mofuta o mong oa bohlokoa o bitsoang lactobacillus, ho bontšitsoe ho fokotsa ho tšoenyeha haholo ho batho[2]. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) ke mokhoa oo mantle a tsoang ho mofani ea phetseng hantle a jalleloang ho moamoheli ho khutlisetsa botsitso ba baktheria maleng a bona. Liteko tsa FMT li ile tsa etsoa ho tloha ho bakuli ba phetseng hantle ho ea ho ba nang le matšoao a tepeletseng maikutlo le a ho tšoenyeha le ka tsela e fapaneng; maemong ohle, bakuli ba kulang ba tlalehile ho fokotseha ha matšoao ka mor'a ho amohela phetisetso le bakuli ba phetseng hantle ba tlaleha ho eketseha ha matšoao[3]. Qetellong, serotonin ke hormone e sebetsang bokong ho baka maikutlo a nepahetseng le a thabo. Hormone ena e hlahisoa ke libaktheria tsa mala, 'me, ha e le hantle, hoo e ka bang 90% ea serotonin ea' mele e entsoe ke libaktheria tsena.[4]. Ena ke mehlala e seng mekae feela e bontšang litlamorao tseo libaktheria tsa maleng li nang le tsona bophelong ba kelello.
Ho bala haholoanyane ka phello ea gut microbiome bophelong ba kelello, sheba sengoloa sena ke BBC - https://bbc.in/3npHwet
Tsamaiso ea rona ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung (ke hore, tsamaiso e re thusang ho loantša tšoaetso) e boetse e angoa ke microbiome ea mala. Libaktheria tse fapaneng tsa mala li khona ho susumetsa lisele tsa 'mele (T cell) hore li iketsetse mofuta o itseng oa sele o bitsoang T regulatory cell (kapa Tregs). Li-tregs li hatella sesole sa 'mele, ka hona, maikutlo a feteletseng a ho hana (mohlala, eczema) a ka hlaha ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ha ts'ebetso ea lisele tsena tsa 'mele. Ka maleng, libaktheria tse ling li khona ho kenya tšebetsong Tregs. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a monyetla oa ho fana ka mefuta ena ho bakuli ba nang le karabelo e feteletseng ea allergy ho thusa ho imolla allergy le ho ruruha. Khopolo-taba ena e fana ka litholoana tsa pele tse khothatsang, mohlala ho eczema, https://nationaleczema.org/topical-microbiome/. Hape bona karolo qetellong ea li-probiotics.
Li-microbiomes tsa matšoafo le mala - allergy le asma
Litsela tse tlase tsa moea ke lehae la batho ba fapaneng ba likokoana-hloko - tse bitsoang lung microbiome. Sebopeho sa microbiome ena se fapane le sa mala. Ho na le libaktheria tse fokolang haholo tse teng matšoafong ha li bapisoa le mala, 'me tikoloho ena e thata ho ithuta, haholo hobane mekhoa ea ho fumana lisampole ea matšoafo e ea hlasela. Qalong ho ne ho lumeloa hore matšoafo e ne e le tikoloho e se nang likokoana-hloko e se nang libaktheria 'me microbiome ea matšoafo ha e e-s'o fumanoe ho fihlela lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka hona, ha ho tsejoe hakaalo ka baahi bana ha ho bapisoa le mala.
Se tsejoang ke hore "lung microbiome" e bapala karolo ea bophelo bo botle ba ho phefumoloha 'me mefuta e fokolang ea mefuta-futa e amahanngoa le mafu - ka ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha mefuta-futa e amanang le lefu le matla le ho feta. Habohlokoa, "lung microbiome" e hokahane le gut microbiome ka "lung-gut axis" mme mafu a phefumoloho le a mala a atisa ho ba teng hammoho. Tse peli li hokahane ka sesole sa 'mele 'me puisano e etsahala, joalo ka mala le boko, ka manqosa a lik'hemik'hale. Sena se bolela hore liphetoho tse teng ka har'a gut microbiome li bonahala li na le phello ho likarabo tse hananang le moea le asthma hape. Liphuputso tse 'maloa li bontšitse hore bakuli ba asthmatic ba na le mefuta e mengata e fetotsoeng matšoafong a bona le maleng a microbiomes ha a bapisoa le motho ea se nang asma,' me ho nahanoa hore ho se leka-lekane hona ho tlatsetsa ho hypersensitivity le hyperreactivity ea sesole sa 'mele.
Mofuta o mong oa baktheria o bitsoang Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) e bontšitsoe mefuteng ea liteko ea litoeba (e reretsoeng ho etsisa asthma) ho laola tekano lipakeng tsa mofuta oa karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung eo' mele o e hlahisang.[5]. Likarabo tsa ho ruruha ha li-allergic li hlahisoa ke tsela e itseng (e bitsoang tsela ea Th2) ha likarabo tsa 'mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung li hlahisoa ke tsela e fapaneng (Th1). Mofuta ona oa libaktheria o bohlokoa hobane o laola ho leka-lekana pakeng tsa litsela tsena tse peli ho etsa bonnete ba hore ha ho le ea mong oa likarabo tse tla ba matla. B. fragilis e itšetlehile ka lik'habohaedreite tse bitsoang N-glycan le tlhahiso ea N-glycan e fokotsehile ho bakuli ba nang le asthma e matla[6]. Sena se etsa hore ho be thata ho feta B.fragilis ho hola ka hona ho ka etsahala hore karabelo ea alejiki (Th2) e laole ha tekano lipakeng tsa litsela tsena tse peli e ntse e fokola. Ona ke mohlala o le mong oa kamoo libaktheria tsa mala li ka bang bohlokoa ho lefu le kang asthma ea allergic.
Tobetsa sehokelo sena ho bala haholoanyane ka khokahano ea mala le matšoafo le bohlokoa ba eona ho COVID-19 - https://bit.ly/3FooPOp
Bokamoso - li-probiotics, FMT le lipatlisiso
Likokoana-hloko li hlalosoa e le 'likokoana-hloko tse phelang tseo ha li sebelisoa ka bongata bo lekaneng li fanang ka molemo oa bophelo ho moamoheli (motho)'. Li tla ka mefuta e fapaneng mme li nkuoa molemong oa bophelo bo botle, 'me tse fapaneng li na le mefuta e fapaneng ea libaktheria.
Li-probiotics li 'nile tsa ithutoa lilemong tsa morao tjena bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ho bakuli ba asthmatic ba nang le kutloelo-bohloko. Liteko tse ling li entsoe ho hlahloba li-probiotics e le phekolo ea asthma 'me li ipakile li atlehile. Ka mohlala, thuto e 'ngoe e fane ka li-probiotics ho bana ba 160 ba asthmatic ba lilemo li 6-18 e le li-capsules bakeng sa likhoeli tsa 3; Liphello li bontšitse hore bakuli ba theotse ho teba ha asthmatic, ho ntlafatsa taolo ea asthma, ho eketseha ha lebelo la phallo ea ho felloa ke matla le ho fokotseha ha IgE (letšoao la allergy)[7]. Ka ho hlakileng, liphuputso tse ngata tse entsoeng tabeng ena li bile ho litoeba kapa bana 'me liphello ha li lumellane, kahoo ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tse ngata sebakeng sena pele li-probiotics li ka buelloa e le phekolo.
FMT ke kalafo e thehilweng e sebetsang hantle bakeng sa Clostridium difficile tšoaetso, empa liteko ha li e-s'o ithutoe ka botlalo mafung a allergic. Hona joale ho na le teko ea kliniki e ntseng e tsoela pele bakeng sa FMT e kentsoeng ka molomo ho phekola ho kula ha peanut le karolo ea I e ile ea phethoa empa liphello ha li e-s'o hatisoe. Ha liteko tsena li ntse li eketseha, ho ka etsahala hore li tla fetela ho asthma ea allergic mme mohlomong le allergic. Aspergillus -kutloelo-bohloko. Joalo ka ha ho le joalo, ho na le ho hanana le liteko tse joalo kaha batho ba bang ba hanyetsa, kapa ba 'tsosoa,' ka maikutlo a ho fetisetsa mantle ho tloha ho motho e mong ho ea ho e mong. Leha ho le joalo, ha e le hantle, FMT ha se phetiso ea mantle, empa ke microbiota e tsoang ka maleng. Ho feta moo, ha se liteko tsohle tsa FMT tse bileng le litholoana tse ntle - teko ea bakuli ba transplant ea lisele ea haematopoietic e ile ea bolaea monna a le mong ea ileng a fumana sampole ea mofani e neng e so hlahlojoe bakeng sa mofuta o hananang le lithethefatsi. E. coli [8]. Patlisiso ea FMT bakeng sa allergy e ntse e le methating ea pele mme ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tse ling ho netefatsa polokeho ea eona, empa ha ho pelaelo hore e na le monyetla o moholo oa bokamoso.
Leha ho le joalo, ho boloka tekano e phetseng hantle ea libaktheria ka maleng a hau le matšoafong a hau ho bohlokoa bakeng sa bophelo bo botle le bophelo bo botle ba motho e mong le e mong. Sena se thusoa ke ho ba le a phepo e nepahetseng e nang le fiber e ngata le ho ja lijo tse nang le libaktheria tse ngata tse molemo joalo ka yoghurt ea tlhaho kapa kefir. Leha li sa khothaletsoa pele e le kalafo ke NHS, u kanna oa batla ho nahana ka tsona ho nka probiotic. Leha ho le joalo, u lokela ho hlokomela hore li-probiotics li nkoa e le li-supplement tsa lijo ho fapana le meriana, kahoo tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsena ha e laoloe, ho bolelang hore u ke ke ua ba le bonnete ba hore li na le libaktheria tse boletsoeng leiboleng. Hape ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore li-probiotics tse sebelisoang litekong tsa meriana li ka 'na tsa sebetsa ho feta tse ka rekoang ka k'haontareng kaha mohlomong li na le tekanyo e phahameng le mefuta e mengata.
Ho na le bopaki bo botle ba hore ho noa probiotic ha u ntse u noa lithibela-mafu ho thusa ho fokotsa lets'ollo le amanang le lithibela-mafu, empa hape, sena ha se e-so be kalafo e khothaletsoang. Mefuta e ka sehloohong eo u lokelang ho e ela hloko ke Lactobacillus (L) rhamnosus. L. acidophilus 'me L.casei. Hape, Bifidobacterium (B) lactis le Saccharomyces (S) boulardii. E le hore li-probiotics tsena li atlehe, ho hlokahala tekanyo ea 10 limilione tse likete (10 ^ 10) cfu (libaktheria). Haeba sehlahisoa se sa bolele litekanyetso, ho ka etsahala hore ha se na libaktheria tse lekaneng ho ka ba le phello efe kapa efe ea bohlokoa. Ho feta moo, tekanyo e fetang limilione tse likete tse 10 ha e na molemo 'me e ka baka liphello tse mpe tsa bophelo bo botle joalo ka bohloko ba ka mpeng. Phuputso e entsoeng Netherlands e entse lethathamo la li-probiotic tse khothalelitsoeng ho tsoa ho bahlahisi ba fapaneng bakeng sa kalafo ea letšollo nakong ea ho noa lithibela-mafu. Boithuto bona ha boa etsoa UK kahoo ha se li-probiotics tsena kaofela tse ka bang teng mona empa ho bohlokoa ho bona. Sheba lenane lena Mona. Hlokomela hore lintlha tsa linaleli tse tharo ke tsona tse ntle ka ho fetisisa, empa tekanyo ea naleli e le 'ngoe e ntse e lokela ho khothaletsoa.
Ho phethela, rea tseba hore li-microbiome li bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba rona, kahoo hlokomela tsa hau ka hohle kamoo u ka khonang.
U batla ho tseba hore na u ka ja eng bakeng sa mala a phetseng hantle? Latela sehokelo sena - https://bbc.in/31Rhfx1
[1] https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.2004.063388
[2] https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/assessment-of-psychotropiclike-properties-of-a-probiotic-formulation-lactobacillus-helveticus-r0052-and-bifidobacterium-longum-r0175-in-rats-and-human-subjects/2BD9977C6DB7EA40FC9FFA1933C024EA
[3] https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-020-02654-5
[4] https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8110878
[5] https://academic.oup.com/glycob/article/25/4/368/1988548
[6] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233880834_Transcriptome_analysis_reveals_upregulation_of_bitter_taste_receptors_in_severe_asthmatics
[7] Katleho ea Tsamaiso ea Lactobacillus ho Bana ba Melemo ea Sekolo ba nang le Asthma: Teko e sa Feleng, e laoloang ke Placebo - PubMed (nih.gov)
[8] https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1910437?query=featured_home