Njodzi dzehutano kubva pakunyorova uye mold
Pane zvingangoita zvitatu zvinokonzeresa hutano kune vanhu vane hutano hwekudzivirira immune system mushure mekusangana nehunyoro uye mold: hutachiona, allergy uye chepfu.
Kana mold ikakanganiswa, mold particles (spores nedzimwe tsvina) uye makemikari anoputika anosunungurwa nyore nyore mumhepo uye anogona kufemerwa nyore nyore mumapapu uye muzvivi zvemunhu wese ari pedyo.
Izvi zvimedu & makemikari zvinowanzokonzera nezvimwe zvinhu (kusanganisira sinus allergies) uye dzimwe nguva kukonzera allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) Kashoma, vanogona kusimbiswa uye kukura munzvimbo diki senge sinuses - dzimwe nguva kunyangwe mumapapu pachawo.CPA, ABPA). Nguva pfupi yapfuura zvave pachena iyo yakanyorova, uye pamwe nekuumba, inogona kukonzera uye kuwedzera asima.
Mold dzakawanda dzinogona kugadzira marudzi akasiyana-siyana ehupfu ane huwandu hwemhedzisiro muvanhu nemhuka. Mycotoxins iripo pane imwe fungal material pane inogona kuparadzirwa mumhepo, saka zvinokwanisika kuti izvi zvinogona kufemerwa mukati. Mamwe maallergenic anozivikanwa kuva ane chepfu. Humbowo huripo hunotaridza kuti mycotoxin haikwanisi kufemerwa kuti ikonzere matambudziko anechekuita nehuturu hwayo - pangove nemhaka mbiri kana nhatu dzisina kupokana dzakambotaurwa uye imwe chete mumba ine chakuvhe. Mikana yehutano hwehupfu (kureva kuti kwete allergies) inokonzerwa nekufemesa zvinhu zvine chepfu haisati yanyatso zivikanwa.
Pane zvimwe zvinhu zvine muchetura zvinobva mukuumbwa mumba ine nyoro:
- Volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) izvo zvinonhuwa zvinoburitswa nemamwe tupukanana
- Proteases, glucans uye zvimwe zvinogumbura
- Ziva zvakare kuti kune huwandu hukuru hwezvimwe (zvisiri-mould) zvinogumbura / VOC zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuve zviripo mudzimba dzine hunyoro.
Zvose izvi zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko ekufema.
Pamusoro pezvirwere izvo zvataurwa pamusoro apa tinokwanisa kuwedzera hurwere hunotevera hune hukama hwakasimba (nhanho imwe kubva pakuzivikanwa kuti inokonzerwa ne) mweya wekufema, chepamusoro kufema turakiti zviratidzo, kukosora, wiririka uye dyspnea. Panogona kunge paine matambudziko ehutano asati atsanangurwa anoita kunge ari kuungana kubva mukuratidzwa kwenguva refu kune 'chepfu mold' mumusha une unyoro, asi izvi zviri kure nekuve nehumbowo hwakanaka hwekuzvitsigira parizvino.
Ndehupi humbowo hunoratidza kuti kunyorova kunokonzera matambudziko aya eutano?
Pane 'definitive' list (ona pamusoro) yezvirwere zvinonzi zvine rutsigiro rwakakwana kubva kunharaunda yetsvakurudzo kuti titarise zvakadzama, asi vamwe vakati wandei havana tsigiro yakakwana yekuti vesainzi vatore sarudzo. Sei uchinetseka pamusoro peizvi?
Ngatipfuurei muchidimbu chemaitiro ayo chinokonzeresa chinotangwa pakati pechirwere nechikonzero chacho:
Chikonzero uye Mhedzisiro
Pane nhoroondo yakareba yevatsvakurudzi vakasiyana-siyana munguva yakapfuura vachifungidzira kuti chikonzero chiri pachena chechirwere ndicho chikonzero chechokwadi uye izvi zvakadzivirira kufambira mberi kusvika pakurapwa. Mumwe muenzaniso ndewe marariya. Isu tave kuziva kuti marariya inokonzerwa negonye diki rinofambiswa nemosquitos inosveta ropa (yakawanikwa ne Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, iyo yaakagamuchira mubairo weNobel muna 1880). Nguva iyi isati yasvika zvaifungidzirwa kuti, sezvo vanhu vaiwanzobatwa nemarariya kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika dzine machakwi akawandisa uye dzainyanya kunhuwa ndiyo 'mhepo yakashata' yaikonzera chirwere ichi. Makore akapambadzwa kuedza kudzivirira marariya nokubvisa kunhuwa kwakashata!
Tingaratidza sei chikonzero nemhedzisiro? Iyi inyaya yakaoma yakawana kutariswa kwakawanda kubva pakakakavadzana kekutanga kuti kuputa fodya kwakakonzera gomarara here kana kuti kwete - ona kukurukurwa kwakadzama kweizvi pano. Kupokana uku kwakakonzera kuburitswa kwe Bradford Hill maitiro nokuda kwehukama hunokonzera pakati pechikonzero chechirwere uye chirwere chacho pachacho. Zvakadaro, pachine nzvimbo yakawanda yekukakavadzana uye kugadzira pfungwa - chingangove chikonzero chehurwere ichiri nyaya yekugamuchirwa kwemunhu neboka munharaunda dzezvekurapa.
Kusvika pakunyorova kuri kuita, the World Health Organization chirevo uye ongororo dzinotevera dzakashandisa nzira dzinotevera:
Epidemiological uchapupu (kureva kuti verenga nhamba dzehurwere hwaunowana munzvimbo inofungirwa (umo vanhu vari kuoneswa chavanenge vafungirwa)): zvingango shanu zvinotariswa maererano nekuderera kwekukosha.
- Causal hukama
- Kubatana kuripo pakati pechikonzero nechirwere
- Humbowo hushoma kana hunoratidza kushamwaridzana
- Humbowo husina kukwana kana husina kukwana kuti uone kana paine mubatanidzwa
- Humbowo hushoma kana humbowo hwekusabatana
Clinical uchapupu
Zvidzidzo zvinosanganisira vanhu vanozvipira kana mhuka dzekuyedza dzakafumurwa mumamiriro ezvinhu anodzorwa, mapoka emabasa kana kiriniki. Zvizhinji zvezvidzidzo izvi zvakabva pamapoka madiki evanhu, asi zvese zviri pachena uye mhedzisiro yekiriniki zvinoonekwa zviri nani pane zviri muzvidzidzo zvechirwere chechirwere. Inotaridza kuti ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika kana mamiriro ari mugwara.
Toxicological uchapupu
Inoshandiswa kutsigira epidemiological evidence. Haina kukwana pachayo kuratidza chikonzero kana mhedzisiro, asi inobatsira kuratidza kuti zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika sei mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Kana pasina humbowo hwe epidemiological, saka hapana fungidziro yekuti mamiriro anodiwa kune chimwe chiratidzo anoitika pasi pe 'hupenyu chaihwo'.
Ndeapi maitiro ehutano atine chokwadi chekuti anokonzerwa nekunyorova?
Epidemiological evidence (Kukosha kwekutanga)
Kuvandudzwa kwechangobva kuitika kweInstitute of Medicines ongororo yemukati memamiriro ekunze kuratidzwa kwakataura izvozvo asthma budiriro, asthma exacerbation (kuwedzera), ikozvino asima (asthma iri kuitika izvozvi), vari zvinokonzerwa nekunyorova kwemamiriro ekunze, pamwe kusanganisira molds. Tichitora chirevo chekare cheWHO, pane "humbowo hwakakwana hwekubatana pakati pezvinhu zvine chekuita nekunyorova kwemukati uye huwandu hwakawanda hwehutano hwekufema, kusanganisira mweya wekufema, chepamusoro kufema turakiti zviratidzo, kukosora, wiririka uye dyspnea“. Tinogona kuwedzera hypersensitivity pneumonitis kune iyi list mushure Mendell (2011).
Toxicological evidence (Chechipiri inotsigira kukosha)
Nzira dzinoshandiswa nehutachiona husina hutachiona hwehutachiona hunoita kuti huve nehutano husina kunaka hunobatanidza nekunyorova kwemhepo uye mold hazvizivikanwi zvikuru.
In vitro uye in vivo zvidzidzo zvakaratidza zvakasiyana-siyana kuzvimba, cytotoxic uye immunosuppressive mhinduro mushure mekuratidzwa kune spores, metabolites uye zvikamu zvezvipembenene zvipenyu zvinowanikwa muzvivakwa zvakanyorova, zvichikweretesa kuvepo kune zvakawanikwa epidemiological.
Dampness-inosanganisirwa neasthma, allergic sensitization uye zviratidzo zvekufema zvinosanganisirwa zvinogona kubva mukudzokororwa kudzoreredzwa kwezvidziviriro zvekudzivirira, kuwedzeredza mhinduro dzemuviri wedziviriro, kugadzirwa kwenguva refu kwevayananisi vanopisa uye kukuvadzwa kwetishu, zvichikonzera kuzvimba kusingaperi uye zvirwere zvine chekuita nekuzvimba, senge asthma.
Kuwedzera kunoonekwa kwehuwandu hwehutachiona hwekufema hunoenderana nezvivakwa zvine unyoro hunogona kutsanangurwa neiyo immunosuppressive mhedzisiro yeinonyorova inosanganisirwa ma microbes mumhuka dzekuyedza, izvo zvinokanganisa dziviriro yekudzivirira uye nekudaro kuwedzera kubatwa nehutachiona. Imwe tsananguro inogona kunge iri yekuti yakazvimba mucosal tishu inopa chipingamupinyi chinoshanda, ichiwedzera njodzi yehutachiona.
Akasiyana-siyana ma microbial agent ane akasiyana, anochinja-chinja azvimba uye ane chepfu anogona aripo panguva imwe chete nemamwe makomisheni anofambiswa nemhepo, zvisingadzivisiki zvichikonzera kusangana mumhepo yemukati. Kudyidzana kwakadaro kunogona kutungamirira kumhinduro dzisingatarisirwi, kunyange pakudzikira kwakaderera. Mukutsvaga kwezvinokonzeresa zvinokonzeresa, zvidzidzo zvetoxicological zvinofanirwa kusanganisirwa neyakakwana microbiological uye kuongororwa kwemakemikari emasampuli emukati.
Kudyidzana kweMicrobial kunofanirwa kunyatsotariswa paunenge uchiongorora zvingangoitika zvehutano zvekuratidzwa muzvivakwa zvinyoro. Misiyano yekutarisisa inoshandiswa muzvidzidzo netsika dzemasero kana mhuka dzekuyedza uye izvo zvinogona kusvikwa nevanhu zvinofanirwa kuchengetwa mupfungwa pakududzira zvakawanikwa.
Mukududzira mhedzisiro yezvidzidzo mumhuka dzekuyedza maererano nekufumurwa kwevanhu, zvakakosha kuti titarise kusiyana kwemwero wakaenzana uye chokwadi chekuti kufumurwa kunoshandiswa kumhuka dzekuyedza kungave mirairo yehukuru hwepamusoro pane inowanikwa munzvimbo dzemukati.
Kunyorova kwekugara kwakabatana ne50% kuwedzera kweasma yazvino uye kuwedzera kukuru mune zvimwe zviitiko zvehutano hwekufema, zvichiratidza kuti 21% yeasma iripo muUnited States inogona kunge inokonzerwa nekunyorova kwekugara uye mold.